Personal development Plan Essay Example for Free

Personal development Plan Essay Capital is generally referred by the people to the financial assets and resources, however besides the money; personal capital is also a part of capital. Capital is basically the ability to do something and it allows a person to make his own selections and if it is not available, it is very hard or almost impossible for one to make selections. To evaluate the performance of an individual, capital is an important concept. However, personal performance is not normally termed as capital but it does function in the same way as the financial resources but as for the financial resources, we must build up these resources if we want to accomplish something but the personal capital of an individual is his skills, intelligence, his network of contacts, education, or relationships, etc. (Productivity 501, 2007). We have certain options from where we can choose and these options are interdependent on the amount of capital we have actually acquired. For instance, let’s consider the skill capital. This can further be explained by an example of the skill to perform a particular task to accomplish a particular goal. This can also be to sail all around the world. However, this can only be made possible if the person knows how to sail. If this person does not even know how to sail in a lake along with strong winds, he would never be able to sail around the world. Same applies to the other skills that come under personal capital. Personal capital is something that an individual need to develop personally and is not present in a person from the start. This is basically about polishing the skills you already have in you and is all about increasing our skills as well as the level of intelligence that can be done by various activities such as by reading, studying, taking courses, etc. As for the relationships, they can be improved by investing some more time in them. In order to build up a relationship, giving time, taking care of the person and showing love is very essential and without all these factors it would be hard to maintain any relationship as these are the core factors that are required to make up and then to handle a relationship. To increase our network of contacts, it is a must that we reach out people after which we must stay in contact with them because just reaching them out won’t work effectively. Therefore, we must also remember our past acquaintances and should keep in touch with them as well. The activities mentioned above helps to increase our personal capital and so it also increases the opportunities that we might get.   According to Tom Peters, â€Å"everyone lives by selling something.†Ã‚   (Peters, 1999). People normally retreat when they hear about the word sales as it sounds devious. However, when you convince the other person and you sell, it develops more pleasure and satisfaction and it is all about moving your resources to the ones who need them. Personal capital is basically an ability in a person to make a difference and it can be either processing ability or leverage. The processing ability is basically the extent to which a person achieves a desired result with the resources available to him. It is all about achieving a task based on the thinking skills, energy, character of a person, the level of knowledge and know-how about an activity, thus it is all about achieving the targets within the given resources. This furthermore increases the value of a person as when an individual is different from the others and is able to do tasks effectively, it gives him an edge over others and this can even be his core competency. For instance, let us consider an example of a person who has stared with a new job and as the job is new, the person would need some guidance in order to achieve the targets. Therefore, as assistance is needed by the employee, the results would not be totally based on his skills but later after the employee develops understanding and know-how; he would be able to do the same task without getting help from any other person and can work independently. This shows that his processing ability has been increased. The second part of personal capital is leverage, it raises the productivity of others by using your expertise and further explaining it, we can say that it amplifies your processing ability through others and this can either be done by coaching an employee who is new or by guiding him with the way in which the task is to be performed. Leverage can be measured in a way as our ability to transfer our knowledge to the other party, for example leverage of an economics teacher who teaches the course at a university can be judged in way how he teaches the student and does that really benefit the student or not i.e. does it increase the knowledge of the student or not. Furthermore it is also about using your own previous experience to teach the new employees and help them out to reduce chances of errors or mistakes and when this is achieved, a person achieves leverage. Personal capital can only be built only by learning and trying, it is about the way in which an individual is supposed to take a process and further turn it into a better work process and it is also about adding value to the ideas proposed by the others. People can take courses that could help them to increase knowledge and their processing ability and the way they can share their knowledge that in turn increases their leverage. The reason why personal capital should be built is because of the value we place in making a difference in the tasks we are assigned and the better personal capital an individual has, the better can he perform and achieve he desired goal. Moreover, people have better personal capital will also be able to accomplish tasks that are more complex and challenging.   This is not just the only requirement; however a person should keep on improving his personal capital so that they can benefit from it and fulfill his responsibilities as a team member. Being creative is to turn the ideas that erupt into your mind into a reality and for consists of two aspects that have to be considered. The first one is the ability to think that a person has and the other is to actually create that particular idea. For creative thinking, innovation is a must. This basically means to implement the idea that has been though of. However, if some one has ideas but he does not implement them, he would be considered imaginative and not creative. Therefore, the crux of this paragraph is that there is no use of thinking if you are not doing what you have thought about. (Linda, n.d.) Moreover, creativity can also be defined as something that is new and it therefore requires both zeal as well as dedication. People usually determine certain symbols and myths from creativity that further reveals the hidden points of life. (Rollo May, The Courage to Create) According to another author, a product is only creative when it is novel and appropriate. Moreover, he states that a new product shows its originality, however it cannot be predicted. Creativity of a product basically depends on the concept. The bigger it is, more the ideas are generated and so creativity increases. (Sternberg Lubart, Defying the Crowd) Creativity can be used for the purpose of economic development, at work and everywhere. The resources available to us in the world are limited but the demands of the people are unlimited. Creative ideas only come in such case when our resources are restricted and as a popular saying of an economist and a social philosopher says that â€Å"Invention is the mother of necessity.† (Thorstein Veblen, 1857 1929). However, time and budget can limit creativity. In today’s world creativity is taken as something more than just an artistic expression as it was perceived to be in the previous centuries. However, now it is also essential in many other areas as well. It can be used just anywhere, in a very small thing such as to make a loft or a professional canvas painter. However, creativity can be taken differently by different people who are engaged in different tasks. Constant learning enhances the creativity in a person. Moreover, we should explore different techniques that can help us in improving our creativity. We should brainstorm ideas, do mind-mapping and meditation, etc. I would also say that creativity is basically a mental process that is all about creating new ideas but its originality and appropriateness should not be affected in any way. Creativity is also referred as a divergent thought from the scientific point of view and can be studied from various point of views such as in some of the aspects such as behavioral psychology, social psychology, psychometrics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, philosophy, history, economics, design research, business, management, etc. (Linda, n.d.) There are certain questions that one must ask oneself for personal development.  · What’s the history of a person and repercussions for contributions in the past.  · Where we are and what have we gained? (Instead of, What have we lost?)  · What needs to be changed, such as structures to encourage and support learning and innovation?  · What needs to change in my leadership style to foster more of a learning culture? When and where should I practice being a learner? Once we ask those questions to you, one must also consider some of the things mentioned below.  · Hierarchy is not inherently a problem.  · Technical hierarchy not social hierarchy.  · Acknowledge power power dynamics. The more open this is, the less it will be a subtext of interaction.  · Be in the role of teacher, when the authority in a particular skill or situation, and of learner when not.  · Trust, trust, trust. Trying to control everything accomplishes the opposite.  · Communication Interaction must be encouraged as it is essential for personal development.  · Documentation Document learning in one area or project such that it can be shared with other areas and projects. The personal vision of a person is very important as this further develops goal awareness and social orientation. The personal vision of an individual helps them to guide their lives and also provides the direction that is essential to make a choice about the career. It thus, helps to show a way to a person and so it is important for us to identify our personal visions. A personal vision is basically written focusing on the life of person i.e. the joys and the sadness’s filled in their life, what they have achieved and how they have achieved, their contribution, what makes them, their brilliance as well as heritage. Personal vision in turn develops goal awareness as once you identify the personal vision is it easier for a person to focus more on his goals and what he wants to do in life. Moreover, it also develops social orientation in a way that a person cares more about the well being of the society and so he makes sure that their needs are being taken care of and they are satisfied. Other than that, an individual should also have the capacity to working together with other individuals and for this it is necessary that he develops communication, interactive skills and development orientation. The skills and performance of an individual must be upgraded continually and meeting this requirement involves training and development activities and appraising performance for the purposes of giving feedback and motivating people to perform at their best. Training usually refers to teaching lower level employees how to perform their present jobs, while development involves teaching managers and professional employees broader skills needed for their present and future jobs. Individuals must take training to enhance their individual performance that would then increase their productivity. It should focus on developing management skills/development and supervisory skills, technical skills and communication skills. Orientation training programs should be designed for individuals because they are typically used to familiarize them with certain things such as the general policies, procedures, culture and the like. All this results in reputed benefits such as increased morale of an individual; he becomes more productive, lower costs and the like. Team training is also important because it recognizes to facilitate individuals working together. It teaches the people, the skills they to work together and also facilitates their interaction that further focuses on technical, interpersonal and team interaction skills. Communication is very important because it is the only mode through which there can be an exchange of ideas between people but for this they need to interact with other people. They need to form their social groups, talk to their mates and develop orientation that helps to familiarize them with other people. Moreover, concreteness is important too. In this comes openness to change, operational effectiveness and responsiveness challenge. To be concrete basically means to be specific. While making a personal development plan it is also essential to be concrete. An individual cannot do each and everything. Some might be good as some tasks and some might be good at some tasks and so it is not necessary that all people can do the same work well. This in turn develops core competency. In the world today, changes are being made like in every second. However, it does take time for people to adjust to change and people are usually resistant to change but in the end they do have to accept the change. Therefore, it is necessary that one must be flexible and be able to adjust to change well.

Black Holes :: science physics space

In 1916, the German astronomer Karl Schwarzchild attempted to theorize how a star could shrink to become what he called a "Black Hole". Schwarzchild predicted that our sun would have to shrink to less than two miles in radius. He also predicted that even though the sun had shrunk its mass and weight would remain the same, which means that the planets would continue on their orbits, uneffected. Schwarzchild still questioned if stars could become this compact. In 1934 W. Baade and F. Zwicky predicted that the collapse of a star, strips the atoms of their electrons, thus making it a Neutron Star. He also predicted that these are only 10-15 miles in diameter with a density of about a billion tons per cubic inch. The American physicists R. Oppenheimer and H. Snyder, in 1939, realized that Schwarzchild theory was only possible if the star was much bigger than our sun; approximately 3.9 times or larger. In the early seventies, a x-ray source was located in the Constellation Cygnus. The x-ray source couldn't actually be precisely located but was narrowed down to a relatively small area. At this time it was very puzzling for the scientist. Steven Hawking, in the seventies, came up with theoretical arguments demonstrating that black holes aren't entirely black and that it is possible for them to evaporate because they emit radiation. The radiation from a black hole comes from the mass of it, hence the black hole insinuatingly shrinks. While the radiation tediously increases, the mass slowly decreases. So as the radiation from the black hole increases the black hole shrinks and evidently vanishes. In 1972, scientist pinpointed a radio emission in the same area. This is still puzzling to scientist today but all they knew was that it was originated from the same area as the x-ray source and apparently came from open space. The scientist watched this area for months and finally waited until the spot in space came over the star next to it. When it did there was startling results. The spot in space eclipsed the star next to it. The spot was then named Cygnus X-1 and was officially the first Black hole discovered. Even back in Isaac Newton's time, scientist speculated such an object existed. So many questions had been answered by the discovery of this mysterious object, yet so many more generated. A Black Hole is an object that is so dense not even light can escape its gravity.

Roger Mcgough Poem Analysi

Roger McGough was a well-known British poet who has written a lot of poems about inequality, life and unfairness between social classes. I have chosen to discuss and compare the following poem â€Å"The Commission†, â€Å"Nooligan† and â€Å"Streemin† of Roger McGough. The three poems I have chosen are mainly written in the area of inequality of this world and the unfairness of social class. In â€Å"The Commission† Roger McGough has written the contrast of the different social class and the difference between the wealthy and the poor. In the poem he wrote â€Å"In this poem there is a table.Groaning with food. There is also a child, Groaning for lack of food† this clearly stated out the different between the wealthy and the poor. In â€Å"Nooligan† he criticises the use of violence and bullying in school, he used the following lines â€Å"I’m a Nooligan don’t give a toss, in our class I’m the boss† to tell to the audience that everyone is born equal, no one should be hurt or to be treated differently to others. In the poem â€Å"Streemin† Roger McGough again criticises the inequality between the different social classes by using â€Å"But all these divishns aren’t reely fair†.Roger McGough’s poem is always very relaxed and smooth, never intense. Most of the time he seems like he is talking to himself or into his own deep thinking. In â€Å"The Commission† he used rhyme over the whole poem, with the relax tone, he presented his theme of the inequality like he was telling the audience about one of his dreams. However he used rhyming in the poem â€Å"Nooligan† to create a sense of humours, describing a bully in school, he presents his idea nicely to audience while giving them some fun.The poem â€Å"Streemin† isn’t written in formal language, slangs and short forms are used, this give the audience an idea that the person isn’t real ly educated, which presents his purpose for this poem perfectly. After reading Roger McGough’s poem, I have learned a lot about life and this world. His poem told me that everybody are born in to this world equally and that no one should be treated like slaves, no matter of this social class, skin colour, culture background or the wealth and poor.He presented this to the audience through his poem â€Å"The commission† in the first 4 lines of the first stanza. In the 2nd stanza Roger McGough have written that there was a photographer draws â€Å"a little Asian girl, Naked, wide-eyed, pleading† he points out the unfairness in this world very clear and sharp with just one sentence. After reading and a little thinking of the poem, I feel really tempered about the unfairness in this world and even a little sadness, I think this was also what the poet felt while he wrote down this poem.From his poem â€Å"Nooligan† it teaches me that everyone should deserve hap piness in this world, because to be born into this world and determined that they are going to die sooner or later was not a child’s choice, it was not their choice to be born in to a violence family, it was not their fault that the parents are devoiced. Therefore I think that everyone who was born into this world deserves to have their own happiness and no one should have the power to take it away from them. Roger McGough was writing about the bullies in school in this poem, they hurt people.The rhyme used in this poem have turned mood very humorous and he used the humorous to present to the audience about the bullies in his eyes. â€Å"Streemin† was one of the shortest poems Roger McGough has written. He described the feelings of the lower social class with just a few sentences. In the last stanza he written â€Å"But all these divishns arnt reely fair look at the cemetery no Streemin there† presents his idea of how the lower social class look at this world. T hey have not been educated, but this does not make them less of a person.They think it’s not fair that they have to be treated differently to all the other people who live in this world just because they don’t like reading and can hardly write. After reading Roger McGough’s poem I feel like I have learned a lot about this society, good side and bad side. I would strongly recommend Roger McGough’s to a young adult, or people who are about to walk into this society, because his poem taught me a lot of things and this might benefit people in a lot of ways. And personally I really like his poems, like the way he presents his ideas and like his idea about this society

Borderline Personality Disorder ( Adhd ) - 1659 Words

Since its discovery in the 1930’s, psychologists around the world have been trying to decipher the Borderline’s enigmatic condition. The term â€Å"Borderline,† coined by Adolph Stern in 1938 (Optimum Performance Institute), refers to the behavior exhibited by these patients who are on the borderline between neurosis and psychosis. The oscillating nature and unknown concrete cause of this disorder makes it difficult to treat. Due to this, Borderline Personality Disorder, or BPD, has become one of the most controversial disorders to work with in the psychiatric community. Often time Borderline patients are avoided entirely, or written off as hopeless due to their repetitive tendencies and inability to learn from their mistakes (Kreisman, 5).†¦show more content†¦It took over 40 years since its advent for the condition to finally be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and accepted as a psychological term in 1980. In his book entitled I Hate You, Don’t Leave Me: Understanding the Borderline Personality, Dr. Kreisman describes the borderline as â€Å"[suffering] a kind of â€Å"emotional hemophilia†; she lacks the clotting mechanism needed to moderate her spurts of feeling. Prick the delicate â€Å"skin† of a borderline and she will emotionally bleed to death (P. 12).† Borderline Personality Disorder is a type of mental disorder emerging in adolescence in which a person suffers from impulsive and reckless behaviors, an inability to regulate emotions and thoughts, and is marked by unstable relationships with others (BPD Demystified, Friedel). It is characterized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-IV by nine symptoms, five of which must be met to be diagnosed with the disorder. They are as follows: â€Å"1. Extreme reactions to real or perceived abandonment, 2. A pattern of intense/stormy relationships with friends and family that are complicated by extreme idealization and devaluation of loved ones. 3. Distorted self-image and sense of self, resulting in sudden changes in feelings, values, and future goals. 4. Impulsive, and usually dangerous behaviors. 5. Recurring suicidal ideation or self-harm. 6. Intense, rapidly changing

The Fight For Equal Rights, Especially For Women, Has Never

The fight for equal rights, especially for women, has never been stronger than it is in 2017. Just a few weeks ago women across the country staged a march on Washington D.C. called â€Å"The Women’s March on Washington†. This march wasn’t limited to just Washington, as 5 million participants marched in places such as New York, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles and Seattle to express their disapproval with recently elected President Trump. This movement was the largest single-day demonstration is U.S. history but it would have never been possible without the fearlessness and determination of the women that marched nearly a hundred years before them. Without the original Women’s Rights Movement, Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt, women would not have†¦show more content†¦The end product of this convention was a signed petition compiled of 32 men and 68 women all supporting women’s rights. This convention got the ball rolling and got women motivat ed and excited for what was to come in the future. Around 1890 two of the most influential women’s rights groups in the National Women’s Suffrage Association and the American Women’s Suffrage Association, combined to become one organization called National Women’s Association (NAWSA). The NAWSA attracted many women from all over to help contribute to its cause to gain equality for women, but it took a giant step forward with the addition of University of Pennsylvania student Alice Paul. The film â€Å"Iron Jawed Angels† depicts the encounter of Alice Paul and the NAWSA president Carrie Chapman Catta and shows us the differences the two had in their ideas. Paul expressed her idea of fighting for constitutional amendment while Carrie and the elder activists of the group supported a state-by-state campaign. Alice also expresses her thoughts about gaining more public attention for women’s suffrage and purposes the activists seek more creative me ans such as a parade during the inauguration of President Woodrow Wilson. While Alice thought this was a great and innovative idea, the elder activists feared that the parade would do nothing but set their movement back as they felt it would reduceShow MoreRelatedFeminism : A Feminist Movement1553 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough it is now 2015, women still must put up a fight for equality. Males and females are constantly being compared in society. Especially at work, whether it is by earning less, or being subjected to an unfavorable environment, women are still seen as inferior to men, even if it is not directly portrayed. This is a problem that has been ongoing since time began, movements for women to gain equality have been occurring for nearly two centuries. 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When you learn about women from a long time ago, you hear things like: women didn’t work, women couldn’t vote, women did what they were told, etc.; that was just how it was and very few questioned it. It wasn’t until a movement started back in the 1800’s, known as the women’s suffrage, that the female population started to fight and rebel for equal rights. This startedRead MoreWomens Rights Movements1199 Words   |  5 Pagesat her telling her she is ugly, will never be good enough, she is stupid, she will never get anywhere in her life. Although the woman hears him she steadily continues walking because she has to be a mother to her children, she has to a be shoulder for her husband to lean on and cannot stop because she is forced to live up to an image of multi-tasking and not showing signs of giving up. 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Mass Media Manipulation Negatively Affects African...

Since the early 2000’s we have seen the rise and power of the mass media. However what most people fail to realize are how mass media manipulation negatively affects African American athletes on all levels. When dissecting this situation there are several key things to understand. America is a country that was born out of racism and is still being controlled to this day by racism. So naturally every institution that is run by racist such as the NBA, NCAA, NFL, the Supreme Court, major banking companies or the media. Within every racist institution there is a natural plan built in for blacks to fail. While on one hand there is a plan for most blacks to fail on the other hand there are plans set up to capitalize off our talent on every†¦show more content†¦Physical matureness by and large cause a normal growth in strength, quickness, and size which are significant traits for sport success but the only thing youth sports reveal to us is that some players are maturing m ore rapidly than others. At the youth level being bigger, stronger, and faster are typically all that is required to stand out in a group of less prepared underdeveloped athletes. But it is not a pure marker in terms of who is really the most gifted At more mature ages skill and accomplishments are closely related, but at the young sport level such a relationship is untimely since achievement gains are dependent on more than just changing physical attributes. Victory in youth sport is comparative to whoever is on the team or field; therefore accomplished adolescents are distinguished in relation to others they are competing with and not against some universal test. Few of these players may be more accomplished between their Slower maturing mates but it doesn t maintain that they are also more gifted. In any event, we have an inclination to glorify a youthful competitor s ability by naming him as super talented when the pure argument is that he s really just maturing faster then his peers. The next terrible thing plaguing black males athletes is the illusion of pro success. Due to the overexposure of professional athletes and chance to hit it big. As well as over praise for these professionals make young males aspire to do nothing other then become

Use and Implementing Total Quality Management

Question: Describe about A report on the best method smart pack limited intends to use in implementing total quality management.. Answer: Introduction With increased competition, companies have to adopt new ways of remaining profitable. Reducing operational costs, increasing customer satisfaction and improving the performance of products in the market are some of the sure ways of remaining competitive in the long term. Recent studies have suggested that all these can be achieved by adopting Total Quality Management (TQM). Different academia has provided different definitions to TQM. According to Dale, TQM is an organisational management approach that encourages the participation of all its members in attaining quality for the long term success of the organisation through customer satisfaction and benefits to all members of the organization and to society. Quality can be defined as the ability of the product to effectively meet the requirements and expectations of the consumer. With all benefits that different studies have related with adoption of TQM, many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have not embraced it as compared to other large organizations. This can be attributed to different factors such as financial constraints, negative attitude towards quality culture and uncommitted management. This report thus aims to present a cost effective framework for the implementation of TQM at Smart Pack Limited. Benefits of TQM to SMEs Just like with large companies, in order to remain competitive, SMEs need to urgently adopt TQM (Alaheldin 2009). Some of the benefits Smart Pack Limited should expect from adoption of TQM are, Product quality and customer satisfaction. TQM will enable Smart Pack to improve the quality of its products due to its insistence on adoption of quality procedures and practices (Hung, et al 2011). This will further enhance product performance and acceptance and lead to customer satisfaction. Increase in profits due to cost reduction and increased sales. TQM will enable Smart Pack to continually examine processes to remove non- productive and repeated activities thus cutting operational costs (Goh 2000). Quality of the products will also increase leading to an increase in sales. Compliance with set regulations. Adoption of TQM will enable Smart Pack to easily comply with the set regulations regarding issues such as environmental requirements and health and safety issues since they are all incorporated. Competitive advantage. With the new technology, foreign and new companies have entered the Australian market increasing competition to levels never seen before. One way to ensure Smart Pack will outdo its competitors is through ensuring customer satisfaction is at the centre of all activities. Nothing does this well than TQM (Ilkay Aslan 2012). Leads to beneficial partnerships with other established companies. Many large and established companies are successful as a result of TQM (Valmohammady 2011). They therefore wish to only partner with other organisations that have done the same to ensure their product quality is maintained at all times. Just like with LEGO, TQM will provide more opportunities for Smart Pack to partner with other established companies. Ensure future survival. Many SMEs in Australia dont remain in operation for long due to lack of planning for the future. TQM advocates for monitoring and continual improvement (International Organisation for Standardisation 2014). Its implementation will ensure Smart Packs survival into the future. Employee participation. TQM advocates for teamwork and participation. Smart Pack will thus benefit from the employees ideas. Principles of TQM Due to the expansive nature of the TQM concept, there are numerous principles and practices advocated for by different professionals. Demings approach to TQM stresses the need to continuously work towards the improvement of processes and practices which will lead to improvement in products and services quality which are essential in customer satisfaction and company survival. He bases his argument on PDCA strategy. The management takes centre stage in this approach by providing leadership and creating and communicating strategies, policies and objectives necessary for the achievement of the ultimate goal (Deming 1986). Ishikawas approach to TQM advocates for total employee commitment in implementation of TQM. He believed that quality management was not only about the products but also other important factors like after sale services and the quality of the workforce, leadership and the firm involved (Ishikawa 1985). He too stressed the need for education in achieving quality. Another TQM approach is Feiganbaums, who stressed on the adoption of a systems approach to quality by integrating people, machines and information. He stated that the process starts with the identification of consumer needs and goes through different activities like manufacturing, assembling, marketing and transportation until the point where it reaches the consumer and the consumer is satisfied (Feigenbaum 1991). He identified technological and human issues as the two major determinants of quality. Crosbys approach identifies knowledge and attention deficiencies as the major causes of mistakes that lead to low quality. He further identifies education and training as the best methods of eliminating education deficiency and personal commitment as the answer to lack of commitment (Crosby 1979). This approach advocates for the use of the zero defects concept in quality management. Another popular TQM approach is the Jurans approach popularly known as Jurans trilogy. In (Juran Gryna 1993), customer and employee satisfaction, reduced costs and increased revenues are identified as the ultimate goals of TQM. He believed that a lot of quality deficiencies are as a result of failures on the part of management and therefore stressed on the need of commitment by mangers. He also advocated for teamwork as a way of attaining quality because it required all activities of the organisation. After studying albeit briefly various approaches presented by these scholars together with others not discussed like Shewhart and Taguchi, some of the important principles that Smart Pack ltd will put into consideration when adopting TQM are, Focus on customer. All the five approaches agree that at the end of the whole process, there is the customer. Quality can only be achieved when there is some level of satisfaction by the customer. Focus should therefore be on the customer and not the company. Needs of the customers will be studied and used as the frame work for deciding product quality. Continuous improvement. With TQM there is no stopping because need change every day. For Smart Pack to remain in business and be competitive going into the future research and monitoring will need to continuously be done to identify areas that need improvement and activities that need to be stopped as they no longer bring value to the organisation. Participation and team work. Quality involves all activities of the firm and therefore all employees views will be taken. Proper communication channels established to allow for two-way communication between the employees and the management. Zero defect. Prevention should be used to reduce low quality rather than detecting it at the end. Activities aimed at encouraging and motivating employees to prevent defects will be carried out. Management commitment. TQM can only succeed if the management is committed to it. The management will need to provide leadership and resources necessary (Zacharia 2011). Further, they will formulate and communicate to employees the organisational policies regarding quality. Reasons for TQM failure in some SMEs Proper implementation of TQM has many benefits as already discussed, yet some SMEs are unable to enjoy such benefits like their larger counterparts (Done et al 2011). Although some challenges are difficult to avoid like SMEs inadequate finances, most are purely controllable (Abdullah 2010). Smart Pack Ltd will try to avoid the mistakes that most of these firms commit leading to failure. Some of the reasons for failure include, Lack of management commitment. For TQM to succeed at Smart Pack, the senior management will need to be committed by providing leadership and other necessary resources like finances. They will further be required to develop organisational quality policies and goals and communicate them to employees. Improper implementation planning. Proper and earlier planning for smooth running of activities will be necessary to ensure activities important activities like training do not collide with other equally important organisational activities. Resistance to change. Sometimes TQM fail due to the employees tendency to reject new ways of doing things. Proper education and training will be provided to ensure the employees understand the benefits of the changes being made. Lack of genuine organisational quality culture and leadership styles (Idris 2011). Once Smart Pack start implementing TQM, there will be need for a genuine quality culture to be encouraged within the organisation. Actions which prove commitment to quality should be visible. It should not be used only as a PR strategy. Inadequate training and motivation of the workforce. Unmotivated and uneducated workforce will not embrace the new methods and processes brought by TQM. Employees will need to be trained more on these new ways. TQM implementation process PDCA cycle developed by Shewhart can be used to give a general overview of activities undertaken in the implementation and maintenance of TQM. At planning level objectives are set, measurement system and a general plan of attaining the set goals are established. Implementation is planned and undertaken on pilot basis The results of the implementation are compared with the set objectives and any gaps recorded. Identify the source of the gaps. Corrective actions are taken to eliminate the gaps and PDCA cycle is repeated. Due to the limited resources available in terms of money and man-power, a cost effective framework will be adopted in the implementation process. The CEO will announce the plan to implement TQM in the organisation and try to explain its benefits to employees. The CEO will also give an overview of what is expected from employees during the implementation process. Selection of a consultant The consultant is going to guide the company throughout the implementation process and they directly affect the success of the TQM. Issues like qualification and independence should be considered. Strategic planning The company will plan how the implementation is going to happen. At this stage, vision statement, mission statement and a quality policy will be set. GAP analysis It is important in TQM implementation as it shows the management where they are and where they want to be (Nair Ramachandran 2013). GAP analysis will involve activities like customer and employee surveys. This will be important in knowing their views on the company and its products. Survey questionnaires will be provided with a variety of questions covering different areas like employee motivation. This will take a period of between 2 weeks to 1 month to allow customers time to respond. Conduct trainings TQM trainings will be done by a professional and all employees will participate. This is important in educating them on its importance and their role in the implementation process. Due to the size of Smart Pack limited; the trainings will not take long. Most of the employees will be trained at the same time. Senior management will be trained first followed by middle level managers and then other employees will be trained. This will take approximately 10days. Documentation stage. Documentation and validation of processes and activities is carried out. According to Besterfield et al (2011) documentation covers four major areas, Policy document which is also called policy manual is a short description of the organisations quality intentions (Idris 2011). Policy procedures document which shows how the organisational policies will be implemented, by who and at what time. Work instructions document which details how each particular work will be done. It also gives the time frame and assigns responsibilities. Records documentation. Records are data from previous processes and activities like meetings that are kept for traceability purposes. It allows a product defect to be traced back to the specific point where the defect occurred. Documentation process will take approximately 3 days and will be assisted by the expert. Guided internal audits An internal audit on the system will be carried out by the quality committee, guided by the expert and an audit report prepared. The report should contain genuine findings. Management review. The senior management will then meet and go through the audit findings. The recommendations of the report will then be acted upon. If need be the TQM professional will again be sought to assist in implementation of the recommendations. External audit. After TQM has been implemented to completion, an independent external TQM auditor will again be invited to audit the system. Note that the auditor will not be the one who was sought in the implementation process to avoid bias. Corrective action Any issues still existing will be solved at this stage. Note that there are other stages that are normally done but due to the size of the firm, this process will be used. It will help reduce cost and time. Implementation does not stop at this point. Regular audits will always be carried out to identify any gaps and corrective measures taken. Measuring TQM success Once TQM has been successfully implemented at Smart Pack limited, some positive changes will be observed. Some of these changes are observable while others are measurable and they include, Conduct survey on customer satisfaction. A survey will be initiated to measure the level of customer satisfaction with the products after the implementation of TQM. The survey should not be conducted immediately after the implementation. Customers should be allowed to feel the difference themselves. Successful implementation should show an increase in the level of satisfaction. Accreditation to other quality standards. Other standards that deal with quality like the ISO 9001/2008 Quality Management System (QMS) have almost similar implementation method to TQM. Successful implementation of TQM will therefore lead to accreditation to these standards too. Better communication between the management and the junior employees. Successful implementation of TQM will change the direction of information flow. Communication will not only be about giving instructions from the top to bottom but it will also involve receiving ideas from the bottom to the top. Documentation of all processes. The ability to trace products back to different stages of production is an indicator of TQM success. So is the existence of observable written processes and procedures of doing different activities and clearly spelt out responsibilities. Visible quality policies. A quality policy will be formulated and displayed in strategic points within the organisation for the employees to familiarise themselves with it. Some of the places may include company brochures, at the back of staff badges, on a big sign board at the gate, etc. Employee motivation and participation. An employee survey will be conducted to measure their level of participation and motivation after the implementation of TQM. A questionnaire will be provided to ensure that the survey remains confidential and the identity of the employee is not revealed to allow them give genuine answers. An improvement in level of motivation and participation after implementation will be an indicator of TQMs success. Conclusion Smart pack Ltd needs to adopt this cost effective frame work to fully benefit from TQM without having to spend huge sums of money. Most SMEs have stated inadequate funding as the major reason for not implementing it. Many reports also list only large companies when giving success stories regarding TQM. This has brought out the idea that it is suited for the big firms only. 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